Determinants of success in treating acute ischemic cerebral and ocular ischemia through carotid revascularization. An observational study of a case series.

OBJECTIVE: stroke etiology is ischemia in 85%, and in circa 25% of these, the source is the extracranial carotid. Recurrence is frequent and usually more severe. Carotid revascularization prevents new ischemic strokes. The sooner the treatment is undertaken, complete recovery chances are greater with less recurrences. But, historically, intervention in the acute setting was catastrophic. Objective: Identify determinants of success when carotid revascularization after a recent cerebral ischemic event is performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 50 subjects underwent carotid revascularization after ischemic symptoms, within a period of 71 months. The currently diagnostic tools were used, and the symptoms stratified by the Rankin scale. The extension of the cerebral lesion and the source location the source of the event was analyzed. RESULTS: indications were based on the Rankin Scale (R0: 35.4%; R1: 45.8%; R2:18.8% and R3: zero), on the location of the source and the absence of ischemic areas greater than 15mm. An early surgical approach was adopted in all patients. Extreme care was applied to control arterial pressure. At discharge, no additional deficits were observed. CONCLUSIONS: carotid revascularization after ischemic events can be achieved without additional morbidity and no recurrences, using the most appropriate therapy in the shortest time, in patients with Rankin Scale up to 2, absence of intracranial hemorrhage and single or multiple ischemic intracerebral areas, with 15mm or less in their greater dimension.

Determinants of success in treating acute ischemic cerebral and ocular ischemia through carotid revascularization. An observational study of a case series / Determinantes do sucesso no tratamento da isquemia cerebral e ocular aguda por meio da revascularização carotídea. Um estudo observacional de uma série de casos

ABSTRACT Objective: stroke etiology is ischemia in 85%, and in circa 25% of these, the source is the extracranial carotid. Recurrence is frequent and usually more severe. Carotid revascularization prevents new ischemic strokes. The sooner the treatment is undertaken, complete recovery chances are greater with less recurrences. But, historically, intervention in the acute setting was catastrophic. Objective: Identify determinants of success when carotid revascularization after a recent cerebral ischemic event is performed. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 50 subjects underwent carotid revascularization after ischemic symptoms, within a period of 71 months. The currently diagnostic tools were used, and the symptoms stratified by the Rankin scale. The extension of the cerebral lesion and the source location the source of the event was analyzed. Results: indications were based on the Rankin Scale (R0: 35.4%; R1: 45.8%; R2:18.8% and R3: zero), on the location of the source and the absence of ischemic areas greater than 15mm. An early surgical approach was adopted in all patients. Extreme care was applied to control arterial pressure. At discharge, no additional deficits were observed. Conclusions: carotid revascularization after ischemic events can be achieved without additional morbidity and no recurrences, using the most appropriate therapy in the shortest time, in patients with Rankin Scale up to 2, absence of intracranial hemorrhage and single or multiple ischemic intracerebral areas, with 15mm or less in their greater dimension.

RESUMO Introdução: isquemia é a etiologia do acidente vascular cerebral em 85% dos casos e em cerca de 25% destes, a fonte é a carótida extracraniana. Recorrência é frequente e usualmente mais grave que a inicial. A revascularização carotídea previne novos acidentes. Quanto mais cedo for realizado o tratamento, maiores as chances de recuperação e menor o risco de recorrência. Mas, historicamente, os resultados das intervenções precoces eram catastróficos. Objetivos: identificar determinantes de sucesso da revascularização carotídea após um evento isquêmico cerebral recente. Materiais e Métodos: uma coorte de 50 pacientes foi submetida à revascularização carotídea após sintomas isquêmicos, em um período de 71 meses. Foram empregados os métodos de investigação atuais e os sintomas estratificados pela Escala de Rankin. A extensão das lesões cerebrais e a fonte do evento foram estudados e analisados. Resultados: as indicações foram baseadas na escala de Rankin (R0: 35.4%; R1: 45.8%; R2: 18.8% e R3: zero), na localização da fonte e na ausência de áreas isquêmicas com menos de 15mm. Uma abordagem cirúrgica precoce foi empregada em todos os pacientes. Cuidados extremos com a pressão arterial foram aplicados. Na alta hospitalar, nenhum déficit adicional foi observado. Conclusões: a revascularização carotídea após eventos isquêmicos pode ser realizada sem morbidade adicional ou recorrências, empregando a terapêutica mais apropriada no período de tempo mais curto, em pacientes classificados como Rankin até 2, na ausência de hemorragia intracraniana e com áreas isquêmicas intracerebrais únicas ou múltiplas, com menos de 15mm em sua maior dimensão.

Outcomes of bell-bottom technique compared to standard endovascular aneurysm repair.

OBJECTIVE: The bell-bottom technique is a widely used technique to treat aortoiliac aneurysms with preservation of the hypogastric arteries. The published data are scarce with conflicting results regarding the evolution. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients submitted to endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with standard technique (S-EVAR) versus bell-bottom technique. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared the outcomes of standard endovascular aneurysm repair (<16 mm iliac limbs) and bell-bottom technique (≥16 mm iliac limbs) in a tertiary vascular center between 2010 and 2015. The end points of this study were type IB endoleak, reintervention and 30-day mortality. The follow-up protocol included CT scans within 30 days of implantation and 12 months. Duplex ultrasound was performed yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Two hundred and three patients were treated with bell-bottom technique (n = 84, mean age 72.2 ± 8.9) and S-EVAR (n = 119, mean age 72.7 ± 8.4). The overall 30-day mortality was 1.9%, with no significant difference between groups. There was higher prevalence of coronary heart disease in the bell-bottom technique group compared to the S-EVAR group (41.6% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.01). One patient in the S-EVAR group (0.85%) and four patients in the bell-bottom technique (4.6%) developed type IB endoleak. The mean follow-up period was 35.2 ± 30.4 months. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, freedom from type IB endoleak in 80 months was 85.2% in the bell-bottom technique group and 98.7% in the S-EVAR group (p = 0.05). The freedom from reintervention in 80 months was 74.0% in the bell-bottom technique group and 94.1% in the S-EVAR group (p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows lower freedom from type IB endoleak in the bell-bottom group compared to the standard repair group. There is no significant difference in reoperation rate and 30-day mortality.

O impacto da tecnologia no tratamento do trauma vascular iatrogênico cervicotorácico: estudo de dois casos com intervalo de três décadas e revisão da literatura / he impact of technology on treatment of iatrogenic cervicothoracic vascular traumas: a study of two cases three decades apart and a review of the literature

Complicações relacionadas ao acesso venoso cervicotorácico, como os pseudoaneurismas (PAs), podem ser devastadoras. Neste artigo, apresentamos dois casos semelhantes em que o avanço tecnológico impactou no diagnóstico, tratamento e resultados. Ambos pacientes apresentaram volumoso PA após a tentativa de punção venosa profunda. O primeiro caso, em 1993, diagnosticado por duplex scan , revelou grande PA oriundo da artéria subclávia direita. A artéria foi abordada por esternotomia mediana com extensão supraclavicular. O PA originava-se do tronco tireocervical, tratado com simples ligadura. No segundo caso, em 2017, angiotomografia revelou um PA originário da artéria vertebral, que foi tratado com técnica endovascular, mantendo a perviedade do vaso. Ambos evoluíram satisfatoriamente, apesar de abordagens bastante diferentes. A lesão vascular cervicotorácica representa um desafio propedêutico e terapêutico, com alto risco de ruptura. Os avanços tecnológicos diminuem os riscos de lesões vasculares com acesso cirúrgico difícil e devem estar entre as opções do cirurgião vascular

Complications such as pseudoaneurysms (PA) related to cervicothoracic venous access can be devastating. In this article, we present two similar cases in which technological advances impacted diagnosis, treatment, and results. Both patients developed massive PA after deep venous puncture attempts. The first case occurred in 1993 and was diagnosed by a duplex scan that revealed a large PA originating from the right subclavian artery. The artery was approached by median sternotomy with supraclavicular extension. The PA originated from the thyrocervical trunk and was treated with simple ligation. The second case was in 2017. Angiotomography revealed a PA originating in the vertebral artery, which was treated with endovascular techniques, maintaining vessel patency. Both patients progressed satisfactorily, despite quite different approaches. Cervicothoracic vascular lesions represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, where the risk of rupture is high. Technological advances have reduced the risks involved in management of vascular injuries with difficult surgical access

The impact of technology on treatment of iatrogenic cervicothoracic vascular traumas: a study of two cases three decades apart and a review of the literature.

Complications such as pseudoaneurysms (PA) related to cervicothoracic venous access can be devastating. In this article, we present two similar cases in which technological advances impacted diagnosis, treatment, and results. Both patients developed massive PA after deep venous puncture attempts. The first case occurred in 1993 and was diagnosed by a duplex scan that revealed a large PA originating from the right subclavian artery. The artery was approached by median sternotomy with supraclavicular extension. The PA originated from the thyrocervical trunk and was treated with simple ligation. The second case was in 2017. Angiotomography revealed a PA originating in the vertebral artery, which was treated with endovascular techniques, maintaining vessel patency. Both patients progressed satisfactorily, despite quite different approaches. Cervicothoracic vascular lesions represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, where the risk of rupture is high. Technological advances have reduced the risks involved in management of vascular injuries with difficult surgical access.

Endovascular therapeutic options for the treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms / Opções terapêuticas endovasculares para o tratamento dos aneurismas aortoilíacos

ABSTRACT About 20% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms have associated iliac aneurysms. Distal sealing during the endovascular treatment of aortic-iliac aneurysms is a challenge that has led to the emergence of several technical options to achieve this goal over the years. Internal iliac artery embolization is associated with the risk of ischemic complications, such as gluteal necrosis, lower limb neurological deficit, colonic ischemia, impotence and gluteal claudication. This article summarizes the technical options for endovascular treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms with different approaches to preserving the patency of internal iliac arteries.

RESUMO Cerca de 20% dos pacientes com aneurismas de aorta abdominal apresentam aneurismas ilíacos associados. A obtenção do selamento distal, durante o tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas aortoilíacos, constitui-se em um desafio que suscitou, ao longo dos anos, o surgimento de diversas opções técnicas para alcançar esse objetivo. A embolização da artéria ilíaca interna é associada ao risco de desenvolvimento de complicações isquêmicas, tais como: necrose glútea, déficit neurológico dos membros inferiores, isquemia colônica, impotência e claudicação glútea. Esse artigo resume as opções técnicas de tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas aortoilíacos com diferentes formas de abordagem de preservação da perviedade das artérias ilíacas internas.

Ten-Year Experience with Management of Aortoiliac Aneurysms Using Retrograde Endovascular Internal Iliac Artery Preservation.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the use of retrograde endovascular internal iliac artery preservation (REIIAP) technique for treating aortoiliac aneurysms. METHODS: We reviewed our database for all patients with aortoiliac aneurysms who underwent REIIAP technique between April 2004 and April 2014. Patients underwent implantation of an Apollo aortomonoiliac (Nano Endoluminal, Florianópolis, Brazil), contralateral implantation of a Viabahn stent graft (Gore Medical, Flagstaff, AZ) positioned from the external iliac artery into the internal iliac arteries as a bridging stent and femorofemoral bypass. The outcomes that we evaluated included technical success, operative mortality and morbidity, endoleak, aneurysm diameter, bridging stent occlusion, and reintervention during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients (19 men, mean age 73 ± 2.3 years) were identified. Technical success was achieved in all cases, and none of the patients died during the follow-up (mean follow-up 52 ± 38.5 months). Type IB endoleak was diagnosed in 2 patients, bridging stent occlusion was diagnosed in 1 patient, and reintervention was required for 2 patients. Diameter regression was observed in the aorta (P = 0.15), left common iliac artery (P = 0.37), and right common iliac artery (P = 1.22). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of the REIIAP technique presenting high success rate and similar complication rates compared with other therapeutic options during follow-up. These results demonstrated that it is a useful option for selected patients with aortoiliac aneurysms unfit for other techniques.

Endovascular therapeutic options for the treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms.

About 20% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms have associated iliac aneurysms. Distal sealing during the endovascular treatment of aortic-iliac aneurysms is a challenge that has led to the emergence of several technical options to achieve this goal over the years. Internal iliac artery embolization is associated with the risk of ischemic complications, such as gluteal necrosis, lower limb neurological deficit, colonic ischemia, impotence and gluteal claudication. This article summarizes the technical options for endovascular treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms with different approaches to preserving the patency of internal iliac arteries.

Management of aortoiliac aneurysms by retrograde endovascular hypogastric artery preservation.

We evaluated the outcome of the retrograde endovascular hypogastric artery preservation (REHAP) technique for the treatment of complex aortoiliac aneurysms (AIAs). Perioperative and long-term outcomes were assessed for 12 patients (mean age 77 years, range 64-86 years) who underwent elective endovascular AIA repair via aortouniiliac endografting and REHAP between January 2004 and January 2011. Preoperative images obtained by computed tomography were used for planning. Postoperative images were obtained one and six months after surgery, and once a year thereafter. Technical success was achieved in all cases. No patients exhibited endoleak related to the endoprosthesis, occlusion of implanted components, hip and/or buttock claudication, or colon or spinal cord ischemia during follow-up. This hybrid procedure illustrates the potential of REHAP in the treatment of AIA cases.

Implante de filtro de veia cava com uso de dióxido de carbono como meio de contraste: série de casos / Carbon dioxide use as contrast for vena cava filter implantation: case series

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado do implante de filtro em veia cava inferior empregando angiografia digital por subtração com dioxide de carbono (CO2) como meio de contraste. MÉTODOS: No período de abril de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, sete pacientes foram submetidos ao implante de filtro na veia cava inferior, utilizando-se CO2 como meio de contraste em subtração digital. Os pacientes apresentaram como critério de inclusão trombose venosa profunda no setor ilíaco-femoral e contraindicação à anticoagulação. RESULTADOS: Foi obtido sucesso técnico em todos os casos, com adequada visualização da veia cava e veias renais, não havendo complicações relacionadas ao uso do CO2 ou ao procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: O implante de filtro de veia cava utilizando o CO2 como meio de contraste é segura e efetiva em pacientes portadores de alergia ao contraste iodado ou com insuficiência renal não dialítica.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of digital subtraction with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) for vena cava filter implant. METHODS: From April (2)010 to February (2)011, seven patients underwent inferior vena cava filter placement with digital subtraction angiography with the use of CO2 as contrast media. All patients had iliac and femoral deep venous thrombosis and contraindications for anticoagulation. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all cases. Inferior vena cava e renal veins were identified in all cases. There were no evidences of complications related to the use of CO2 during or after the procedure. CONCLUSION: The placement of inferior vena cava filter with CO2 and digital subtraction angiography is safe and effective with good results in patients with renal insufficiency and allergy to iodine.

Prevalência de marcadores de trombofilia em pacientes portadores da síndrome de May-Thurner e trombose de veia ilíaca comum esquerda / Prevalence of thrombophilia factors in patients with May-Thurner syndrome and left common iliac vein thrombosis

CONTEXTO: A relação entre trombose venosa profunda e trombofilia tem sido pouco estudada em indivíduos portadores de compressão da veia ilíaca comum esquerda, conhecida clinicamente como síndrome de May-Thurner. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de marcadores de trombofilia nos pacientes portadores de síndrome de May-Thurner e trombose de veia ilíaca comum esquerda. MÉTODOS: Entre março de 1999 e dezembro de 2008, 20 pacientes com síndrome de May-Thurner e trombose de veia ilíaca comum esquerda foram avaliados retrospectivamente quanto à presença de marcadores de trombofilia. RESULTADOS: Foi detectada a associação entre síndrome de May-Thurner e marcadores de trombofilia em 8 pacientes (40 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A presença de marcadores de trombofilia em pacientes com trombose de veia ilíaca comum esquerda e síndrome de May-Thurner é frequente, porém não difere da prevalência encontrada em pacientes portadores de trombose venosa profunda sem a síndrome associada.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between deep venous thrombosis and thrombophilia has been little studied in patients with left common iliac vein compression, clinically known as May-Thurner syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of thrombophilia markers in patients with May-Thurner syndrome and left common iliac vein thrombosis. METHODS: From March 1999 to December 2008, 20 patients with May-Thurner syndrome and left common iliac vein thrombosis were retrospectively investigated for the presence of thrombophilia markers. RESULTS: The association between May-Thurner syndrome and thrombophilia markers was found in 8 patients (40 percent). CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of thrombophilia markers in patients with May-Thurner syndrome and left common iliac vein thrombosis. The prevalence, however, is not different from that found in patients with deep venous thrombosis without May-Thurner syndrome.

Angioplastia carotídea com reversão do fluxo em octogenários: relato de caso / Carotid angioplasty with flow reversion in octogenarians: a case report

Pacientes octogenários submetidos à angioplastia carotídea apresentam maior incidência de eventos neurológicos quando comparados a grupos de pacientes mais jovens e a grupos da mesma faixa etária submetidos à endarterectomia carotídea. A maior taxa de complicações pode ser explicada por fatores anatômicos e anatomopatológicos que aumentam a dificuldade técnica e o risco de ateroembolismo do procedimento endovascular. O procedimento foi realizado no centro cirúrgico, com o paciente em decúbito dorsal e sob anestesia geral. Realizamos acesso cirúrgico transverso limitado, na base do pescoço à direita, com dissecção, identificação e reparo da artéria carótida comum e veia jugular interna. Foram administradas 10.000 U de heparina e puncionada a carótida comum pela técnica de Seldinger com introdução de bainha 8F em sentido cranial. Na sequência, foi puncionada a veia jugular interna com instalação de bainha 8F em sentido caudal. Em seguida, ambas as bainhas foram conectadas, utilizando-se um segmento de equipo de soro. A carótida comum foi fechada por cadarço duplo de silicone e o fluxo retrógrado pela carótida interna foi estabelecido. Subsequentemente, foi introduzido fio guia 0.014 x 190 cm com cruzamento da lesão, realizando-se angioplastia com balão 5 x 20 mm e em seguida stent (Wallstent® 7 x 50 - Boston Scientific) foi introduzido, posicionado e liberado. A angioplastia carotídea com reversão de fluxo, por via transcervical, constitui estratégia de proteção cerebral custo-eficiente e com menor potencial emboligênico em pacientes octogenários com anatomia desfavorável.

Octogenarian patients submitted to carotid angioplasty present higher incidence of neurological events when compared to younger patients and to patients in this same age submitted to carotid endarterectomy. The higher complication rate could be related to anatomic and anatomopathological factors that increase technical difficulties and atheroembolic risk associated with the endovascular procedure. At the operating room, the patient was in dorsal decubitus position and submitted to general anesthesia. Limited transversal surgical access was carried out on the right neck base, with dissection, identification and restoration of the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. A 8F sheath was implanted cranially oriented into the common carotid by Seldinger technique after endovenous injection of 10.000 UI of heparin. Another 8F sheath was implanted into the internal jugular vein in caudal orientation. Both sheath were connected by the use of infusion set segment. The common carotid artery was clamped with a silastic double lace, establishing reversion of blood flow in the internal carotid artery. The lesion was crossed by 0.014 x 190 cm wire and the carotid angioplasty was performed employing a 5 x 20 mm ballon and a stent (Wallstent® 7 x 50 - Boston Scientific) was introduced, positioned and released. Carotid angioplasty with transcervical flow reversal is a cost effective brain protection strategy, associated to low embolic potential in octagenarian patients with unfavorable anatomy.

Internal iliac artery branch stent grafting for aortoiliac aneurysms using the Apollo branched device.

The association of aortic and common iliac artery aneurysms requires a special strategy to achieve distal seal during the endovascular exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Coil embolization of the internal iliac artery before the placement of a bifurcated endograft limb into the external iliac artery is a usual option. Such procedures are usually well tolerated but may result in buttock claudication, postprocedural sexual dysfunction, and colonic ischemia. We report on an alternative repair to preserve internal iliac artery patency using the Apollo iliac branched device.

Pesquisa de marcadores de trombofilia em eventos trombóticos arteriais e venosos: registro de 6 anos de investigação / Research on thrombophilic factors in arterial and venous thrombotic events: a 6-year investigation register

CONTEXTO: Os autores apresentam uma análise epidemiológica sobre a investigação de marcadores de trombofilia em pacientes que apresentaram eventos trombóticos arteriais e/ou venosos acompanhados no Departamento de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular do CENTERVASC no período de janeiro de 2001 a janeiro de 2007. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de marcadores de trombofilias congênitas ou adquiridas nos eventos trombóticos venosos e/ou arteriais. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 2001 e janeiro de 2007, 224 pacientes com eventos trombóticos venosos e/ou arteriais foram submetidos a uma rotina de investigação quanto à presença ou não de marcadores de trombofilia, independentemente da idade e história familiar dos pacientes, topografia do evento e presença ou ausência de fatores trombogênicos extrínsecos. RESULTADOS: Foram detectados marcadores de trombofilia em 112 pacientes (50 por cento dos casos). Nestes, observou-se de modo predominante a positividade para anticorpos antifosfolipídios, anticardiolipina e/ou anticoagulante lúpico (39 casos), bem como a presença do fator V de Leiden (43 casos). O sistema venoso foi significativamente o mais acometido, e a ocorrência associada com condições trombogênicas extrínsecas esteve presente em 56 (50 por cento) dos portadores de marcadores de trombofilias. CONCLUSÕES: A presença de marcadores de trombofilia nos pacientes com eventos trombóticos, venosos e/ou arteriais, independentemente da faixa etária ou da existência de fatores extrínsecos associados, foi significativa.

BACKGROUND: Authors report an epidemiological analysis of the investigation on thrombophilic factors in patients presenting with arterial and/or venous thrombotic events followed at the Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department at CENTERVASC, from January 2001 to January 2007. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of congenital or acquired thrombophilic markers in venous and/or arterial thrombotic events. METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2007, 224 patients with venous and/or arterial thrombotic events were screened for the presence of congenital or acquired thrombophilic markers independently of age and family history, location of thrombus and presence or absence of other thrombogenic factors. RESULTS: Thrombophilic factors were present in 112 patients (50 percent of the cases), in whom predominant positive results for antiphospholipid, anticardiolipin and/or lupus anticoagulant antibodies (39 cases) as well as the presence of factor V Leiden (43 cases) were observed. The venous system was the most significantly affected, and other associated thrombogenic factors were present in 56 (50 percent) carriers of genetic thrombophilic factors. CONCLUSION: The presence of genetic thrombophilic factors in patients with venous and/or arterial thrombotic events, independently of age or presence of other associated factors, was significant.

Closure of carotid artery puncture site with a percutaneous device.

The surgical treatment of traumatic neck injuries in patients with hostile anatomy is associated with higher risk of complications, due to the technical challenge and associated clinical conditions. The use of a percutaneous closure device for removal of a 7.5 Fr sheath, nonintentionally implanted into the carotid artery, is reported. The right common carotid sheath was removed after introducing a 0.035-inch guidewire; the Angioseal 8 Fr device was then introduced over the wire, successfully sealing the puncture site. Duplex scan control showed patency of the carotids, sealing of the puncture, and adequate flow in the jugular vein and carotid arteries. This maneuver allowed the safe placement of a percutaneous arterial device (Angioseal) to close the puncture site.

Angioplastia subintimal sem o uso de stent em paciente diabético portador de lesão complexa no pé / Subintimal angioplasty without stenting on a patient with complex foot lesion

Pacientes diabéticos portadores de doença ateroesclerótica obliterativa periférica e lesões complexas de partes moles são freqüentemente tratados por amputação primária. Os autores relatam o caso de paciente de 66 anos, sexo feminino, portadora de múltiplas comorbidades, apresentando volumoso abscesso plantar esquerdo e lesão femoral superficial conforme TASC C. Optou-se por realizar revascularização endovascular do membro inferior esquerdo por técnica de angioplastia subintimal sem o emprego de stent ou endoprótese. A abordagem combinada de revascularização endovascular do membro inferior associada a cuidados intensivos com feridas de pés diabéticos deve sempre ser considerada antes da amputação. Assim, sugere-se a técnica de angioplastia subintimal como uma opção em pacientes de elevado risco cirúrgico portadores de feridas complexas nas extremidades.

Diabetic patients presenting with both peripheral vascular disease and complex soft-tissue defects are often treated by primary amputation. We report the case of a 66-year-old female patient with multiple comorbid conditions. She presented left foot plantar abscess and TASC C superficial femoral lesion. Endovascular revascularization of the left lower limb was performed employing the subintimal angioplasty technique, without stenting or endografting. This combined approach of lower limb revascularization associated with intensive care in diabetic foot wounds should always be considered before amputation. We recommend subintimal angioplasty as an option for high-risk patients with complex limb wounds.

Tratamento endovascular do aneurisma da aorta abdominal em paciente com insuficiência renal crônica / Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with chronic renal failure

A insuficiência renal crônica não-dialítica é uma contra-indicação relativa ao tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas da aorta abdominal. O uso de contrastes alternativos, como o gadolínio, além de fornecer imagens de baixa qualidade, está relacionado à nefrotoxicidade. Relatamos um caso de tratamento endovascular de aneurisma da aorta abdominal guiado por eco-Doppler colorido. Um paciente masculino de 82 anos, com aneurisma da aorta abdominal de 55 mm de diâmetro e clearance de creatinina de 17 ml/min, recebeu implante de endoprótese aórtica modular bifurcada, utilizando este método de imagem associado à radioscopia. Não foi empregado contraste iodado. O resultado imediato e os controles de 1 e 6 meses revelam completa exclusão do aneurisma. A função renal permanece inalterada. Concluímos que o implante de endoprótese guiado por eco-Doppler colorido em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica não terminal e com anatomia favorável é um método factível e seguro.

Non-dialytic chronic renal failure is a contraindication related to the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The use of alternative contrast agents, such as gadolinium, provides good-quality images and is associated with nephrotoxicity. We report a case of endovascular treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm guided by color-flow Doppler ultrasonography. An 82-year-old male patient, with abdominal aortic aneurysm (55 mm in diameter) and creatinine clearance of 17 ml/min, underwent implantation of modular bifurcated aortic stent-graft, using that imaging method associated with radioscopy. Iodinated contrast was not used. The immediate result and 1- and 6-month controls showed complete aneurysm exclusion. Renal function is still unaltered. We conclude that the stent-graft implantation guided by color-flow Doppler ultrasonography in patients with nonterminal chronic renal failure and with favorable anatomy is a feasible and safe method.

Push and park: uma opção técnica no tratamento do ateroembolismo agudo dos membros inferiores / Push and park: a technical option for the management of acute lower limb atheroembolism

A aterotrombose é uma doença multissistêmica associada a elevada morbidade e mortalidade. A manipulação das artérias com fios-guia ou cateteres pode gerar trauma mecânico, com conseqüente deslocamento de material ateromatoso da parede vascular. Um paciente de 82 anos, no qual uma ponte fêmoro-poplítea distal com veia safena in situ havia sido realizada por nós há 10 anos, apresentou dor, palidez, hipotermia, diminuição da sensibilidade e força do pé direito 6 horas após coronariografia com acesso pela artéria femoral direita (classe 2b de Rutherford). Arteriografia diagnóstica evidenciou perviedade do enxerto, com múltiplas irregularidades em seu terço distal, compatíveis com material ateroembólico, além de pobreza extrema de circulação distal. Optamos pela revascularização do membro inferior direito em caráter de urgência, associando técnicas convencionais a métodos endovasculares. Empregando a técnica de push and park, cruzamos a lesão ateroembólica com fio-guia e tratamos todo o eixo arterial acometido com manobras de angioplastia. O paciente apresentou boa evolução, boa perfusão distal, adequado enchimento capilar, eliminação da dor e melhora acentuada imediata do déficit motor e sensitivo.

Atherothrombosis is a multisystemic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Management of arteries with guide-wires or catheters may cause mechanical trauma, with consequent detachment of atheromatous material from the vascular wall. An 82-year-old patient, in whom a distal femoropopliteal in situ saphenous vein graft bypass had been performed 10 years before, presented with pain, pallor, hypothermia, loss of sensibility and motor activity on the right lower limb 6 hours after coronary angiography from the femoral artery (Rutherford class 2b). Arteriography demonstrated bypass patency, with multiple irregularities in its distal third, compatible with atheroembolic material, and very poor distal circulation. We indicated lower limb revascularization on an emergency basis, by both conventional and endovascular techniques. Using the "push and park" technique, the atheroembolic obstruction was crossed by guide-wire and the whole affected arterial axis was treated by angioplasty. The patient progressed well, with good distal perfusion, adequate capillary refill, relief of pain and immediate recovery of sensory and motor function.